Which of the following is an indicator of a specific learning disability?

Challenges in reading or math beyond typical age norms are key indicators of a specific learning disability. These disabilities often manifest as significant difficulties in academic areas, such as reading (dyslexia) or mathematics (dyscalculia), which are noticeably inconsistent with the individual's age and intelligence level. These challenges are usually evident even when the student has received appropriate instruction and intervention.

Specific learning disabilities are characterized by a marked discrepancy between a student's actual academic achievement and their intellectual potential. Thus, when a student struggles in foundational academic skills relative to their peers, it serves as a clear signal that they may have a specific learning disability. This prompts the need for further assessment and potential intervention tailored to their unique learning needs.

In contrast, options representing a lack of interest in social activities, a preference for solitary play, or difficulties with sensory processing may pertain more to other conditions such as social communication disorders or autism spectrum disorders, rather than specifically indicating a learning disability in academic skills.