How is Mental Retardation defined in terms of intellectual functioning?

The definition of Mental Retardation, which is now commonly referred to as Intellectual Disability, centers around both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. The correct answer focuses on intellectual functioning falling below a certain threshold, typically an IQ score of 70 or below, accompanied by limitations in adaptive skills such as conceptual, social, and practical abilities that are crucial for everyday living.

By emphasizing that this condition includes both a significant reduction in intellectual capabilities and challenges in adaptive functioning, this definition aligns with the criteria outlined in leading diagnostic manuals such as the DSM-5. It highlights that intellectual disabilities are not only about having a low IQ but also how individuals can apply their cognitive capabilities in real-life scenarios. This comprehensive view is essential for proper identification, support, and intervention strategies for individuals with this condition.

In contrast, the other options either misrepresent the thresholds of intellectual functioning or do not consider the essential aspect of limitations in adaptive behavior, which is part of the diagnostic criteria for Intellectual Disability.